Some German words are used in English narrative to identify that the subject expressed is in German, e.g., Frau, Reich.Īs languages, English and German descend from the common ancestor language West Germanic and further back to Proto-Germanic because of this, some English words are essentially identical to their German lexical counterparts, either in spelling ( Hand, Sand, Finger) or pronunciation ("fish" = Fisch, "mouse" = Maus), or both ( Arm, Ring) these are excluded from this list.
Discussion of German history and culture requires some German words.
Developments and discoveries in German-speaking nations in science, scholarship, and classical music have led to German words for new concepts, which have been adopted into English: for example the words doppelgänger and angst in psychology.
German cultural artifacts, especially foods, have spread to English-speaking nations and often are identified either by their original German names or by German-sounding English names.
German words have been incorporated into English usage for many reasons: Typically, English spellings of German loanwords suppress any umlauts (the superscript, double-dot diacritic in Ä, Ö, Ü, ä, ö, and ü) of the original word or replace the umlaut letters with Ae, Oe, Ue, ae, oe, ue, respectively (as is done commonly in German speaking countries when the umlaut is not available the origin of the umlaut was a superscript E). In recent years, however, many English words have been borrowed directly from German. In many cases, the loanword has assumed a meaning substantially different from its German forebear.Įnglish and German both are West Germanic languages, though their relationship has been obscured by the lexical influence of Old Norse and Norman French (as a consequence of the Norman conquest of England in 1066) on English as well as the High German consonant shift. Some of the expressions are relatively common (e.g., hamburger), but most are comparatively rare. It is distinguished from a calque, or loan translation, where a meaning or idiom from another language is translated into existing words or roots of the host language. A loanword is a word borrowed from a donor language and incorporated into a recipient language without translation. The English language has incorporated various loanwords, terms, phrases, or quotations from the German language. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
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